Category: Biomedical Measurements
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Features of an ECG Wireless Telemetry System
The advancement in technology has made it possible where necessary to monitor subjects from some distance using wireless telemetry. The biological parameter commonly studied this way is the electrocardiogram. The display of ECG and cardiac rates gives enough information on the loading of the cardiovascular system of the active subjects. In this article, we discuss…
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Types of Spirometers & Technologies used
Spirometer is the instrument used to measure lung capacity and volume. The record obtained from spirometer is called a spirogram. There are a number of spirometers used in respiration volume measurements. In this article, we look at general types of spirometers according to their application and some of the technologies utilized in these spirometers. There…
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3 Common Causes of Anomalies in ECG Recordings
Irregular patterns of ECG may be caused by either pathological states or at times artefacts. Undesirable presence of artefacts on ECG trace may be due to the following: Interference from the Power Line This interference may be caused by the stray effect of the alternating current on the subject under measurement or because of alternating…
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Polarizable vs. Non-Polarizable Electrodes
We may categorize electrodes into two possible types albeit theoretically: those that are perfectly polarizable and those that are perfectly non-polarizable. This categorization is based on what happens to an electrode when a current passes between it and the electrolyte. Perfectly polarizable electrodes are those in which no actual charge crosses the electrode-electrolyte interface when…
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4 Classifications of Biomedical Measurement Instruments
Instruments that are used in biomedical measurements can be grouped into four categories, based on the following: Classification Based on Quantity that is sensed The techniques employed in biomedical measurement can be grouped as per the quantity that is sensed, such as pressure, flow or temperature. This categorization makes it easier to compare the different…
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Common Challenges of EEG Analysis
Though EEG signal detection provides a key indicator for detection of neurological status and disorders, its biomedical application is limited. This is because of the complicated nature of EEG signal and the complexities regarding the interpretation of the signals. Some of the challenges of EEG analysis are discussed as follows: Artifacts The recordings of physiological…
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The Principle of Immunoassay Biosensor
The principle of immunoassay sensor operation is based on the observation of ligand-binding reaction products between a target analyte and a highly specific binding reagent. The important component of an immunosensor is the biological recognition element, which normally consists of antibodies or antibody fragments. Immunological methods offer remarkable selectivity and sensitivity through the process of…
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Basic Features of Intravascular Fiber Optic Blood Gas Sensor
Intra-arterial blood gas sensors usually use a single or double fiber configuration. Typically, the matrix containing the indicator is attached to the end of the optical fiber. Because the solubility of O2 and CO2 gases, as well as the optical properties of the sensing chemistry itself, is affected by the temperature variations, fiber optic intravascular…
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How Arterial Tonometer is used for Blood Pressure Measurement
The arterial tonometer is an instrument used to measure arterial blood pressure. It differs from sphygmomanometer in that, rather than measuring the pressure at greatest contraction and greatest heart dilation (systolic and diastolic) it provides continuous measurement throughout the heart’s pumping cycle. Normally, the instrument sensor is placed over a superficial artery; the radial artery…
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The Measurement of Ultraviolet Radiation in Biomedical Field
The measurement of ultraviolet radiation in biomedical field may be categorized into three classes: In general, physical devices measure power, whereas chemical and biological systems measure energy. The common radiometric terminology is shown in the table below: Table 1.0 Radiometric Terms Term Unit Wavelength Nanometer (nm) Radiant energy Joule (J) Radiant flux Watt (W) Radiant…