Tag: Biomedical Instruments
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Micrometer and Nanometer Biomedical Sensing Applications
The advancements in microtechnology and, in particular, nanotechnology are transforming the fields of biosensors, prosthesis & implants and medical diagnostics. In medical diagnostics, these devices are being employed in combination with optical biosensing for external, lab-on-a-chip, high throughput screening for analysing blood and other samples. Several companies and researchers are developing optically based nanotechnology applications…
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Clinical Applications of NTC Thermistors
Thermistors are certainly the most used transducers for medical temperature measurements. Their properties facilitate clinically difficult measurements that include: hypothermia, transcutaneous measurements during cardiopulmonary bypass, testicular temperature measurements in reproductive medicine, continuous monitoring of preterm infants and personal heat strain monitoring in occupational medicine. Thermistors are also extensively used in a variety of clinical and…
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The Application of Echocardiography in Cardiovascular Diagnosis
The key application of ultrasound in cardiovascular diagnosis is echocardiogram. It utilizes M-scan technique in the imaging. In the echocardiogram, the movements of the valves and other structures of the heart are displayed as a function of time. The display also includes an electrocardiogram to provide more information on the heart. From the echocardiogram, the…
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Principle Parts and Types of ECG Recorders
Building Blocks of an ECG System In Electrocardiography (ECG) recorder five leads from the patient are connected to the ECG recorder through a selector switch to obtain 12 lead configurations as illustrated below: A standard voltage of 1 mV is used to calibrate the recorder. The output from the lead selector switch is amplified using…
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The Function of Impedance Pneumograph In Respiration Measurements
Impedance pneumography is an indirect method for the measurement of respiration. This measurement is performed by the impedance pneumograph which measures the respiratory volume and rate through the relationship between respiratory depth and thoracic impedance change. Impedance pneumography avoids burdening the subject with spirometers, tubes, and flowmeters; does not hinder respiration and has minimal effect…
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What is the Function of a Phonocardiograph?
A phonocardiogram is a recording of the heart sounds and murmurs. The instrument used to make this recording is called the phonocardiograph. The recording of all the heart sounds during a cardiac cycle is termed to as phonocardiography. Phonocardiogram eliminates the subjective interpretation of the heart sounds and makes it possible to evaluate them with…
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Key Factors to Consider in the Design and Operation of Electrocardiograph
There are various factors that must be considered in the design and application of the electrocardiograph. These key factors must be considered by the biomedical engineer as well as the electrocardiograph operator and the physician who interprets the recorded information. We discuss these factors as follows: Frequency distortion The electrocardiograph does not always meet the…
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Functions & Types of Pneumotachometers for Biomedical Measurements
Pneumotachometers are instruments that measure the instantaneous rate of volume flow of respired gases. They can be broadly classified into two types based on the principle of operation: The pneumotachometer is normally used to measure parameters relating to pulmonary function such as forced expiratory volume (FEV), maximum mid-expiratory volume, & peak flow and to generate…
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Biomedical Instrumentation Questions & Answers
Q1. What are the problems encountered in biomedical measurements? The problems encountered in biomedical measurements are: Q2. What are the key requirements for specifying biomedical instrumentation systems? They key specifications to consider when specifying biomedical instruments include: Q3. What are the diagnoses made from Electroencephalogram (EEG)? The brain cells are referred to as neurons. The…