Tag: Chemical analysis
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Polarographic Clark Electrodes
Polarographic electrodes differ from the typical pH and ion specific cells in that a polarographic cell is run at a constant potential in order to force two electrochemical reactions to take place. The current which flows in the cell is determined by and is proportional to the limiting concentration of one reactant. A Clark cell…
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Dispersive Spectrophotometry Chemical Analysis Technique
Dispersive spectrometry (DS) methods make up a large number of ultraviolet, visible light and infrared spectroscopy systems. DS refers to the fact that the light or electromagnetic radiation passed through the sample (analyte) must pass through a monochromator either before or after the analyte, to describe the analyte’s absorption/transmission characteristic spectrum. A simplest monochromator is…
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Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
When a sample is introduced into a flame, only a small fraction of the atoms are in an excited or high energy state [as per the Boltzmann equation] and most atoms of the element remain in the unexcited or ground state and are capable of absorbing energy. If light energy is supplied as a continuous…
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The Principle of Measurement of pH
A pH meter is an instrument that determines the acidity or basicity of aqueous solutions. The measurement of pH is achieved by utilizing a glass electrode that generates an electric potential when solutions of differing pH are placed on the two sides of its membrane. The glass electrode is a member of the class of…
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How Estimation of Oxygen and Carbon dioxide is Carried out in Biological Solutions
Estimating Oxygen in Biological Solutions Oxygen concentration in solution is usually estimated electrolytically. The basic principle is that, if a bright platinum electrode is placed in a solution, and +0.7 V is applied to it with respect to a reversible (silver-silver chloride in biological systems), oxygen will be reduced at it, and the current flowing…
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How ionic composition of Tissue fluids is determined
Determination of ionic composition of Tissue fluids is accomplished using a number of chemical analytical methods with the help of various instruments. We shall look at some of these methods used to estimate the ionic composition of tissue fluids based on the elements analysed. Sodium and Potassium As discussed in the previous article, Sodium…
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How Flame Photometers are used in Chemical Analysis
Flame Photometer is used to quantify the concentration of Sodium and Potassium in the body. Basic Principle of Operation of a Flame Photometer When a sample is heated, the electrons are raised from the ground state to a higher state. The excited electrons are unstable and return to the ground state emitting photons of a…
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The Role of Biomedical Analysis in Medical Diagnosis
Chemical changes may occur in the internal environment of the human body due to pathological processes. These chemical changes can be detected by the analysis of various samples taken from the body. This analysis helps in the diagnosis of various ailments, making a prognosis and determining the progress of treatment. The samples taken from the…